Effective Communication In Health and Social Care Essay

Comprehend viable correspondence and relational communication in Health and Social Care †¢Produce a staff handbook for new staff at a private setting for individuals with learning challenges and other correspondence troubles including various types of correspondence needs and inclinations and the job of powerful correspondence in cooperation and supporting people. Emily Rhodes Substance Page The two principle settings where wellbeing and social consideration laborers utilize the correspondence cycle are balanced and bunch correspondence. Coordinated Communication †This collaboration regularly includes a three phase process. 1) Greeting or heating up, 2) discussion or data trade, 3) goodbyes or slowing down. At the point when you start a discussion with someone you need to attempt to cause them to feel loose and it is essential to make a positive passionate air. Frequently individuals will begin a balanced correspondence with a welcome, for example, ‘Good Morning’, as this shows you are helping them to feel loose by indicating a positive and well disposed demeanor. This sort of correspondence is successful inside a wellbeing and social consideration condition on the grounds that, in the event that a medical caretaker/carer had another inhabitant, at that point they need to set a model, so the occupant will have a sense of security, and will have the option to manufacture trust with the attendant/carer. Gathering Communication †This kind of correspondence is just powerful if everybody inside the gathering needs to be included. It is correct that the gathering has the privilege passionate climate, as individuals may feel compromised, or mayâ not be sufficiently sure to make some noise inside a proper gathering discussion. Gathering upkeep is significant, as this empowers individuals to make the correct environment. Having a gathering head can be helpful, in light of the fact that they will have the option to urge individuals to communicate their thoughts, and ensure individuals go ahead when talking. This sort of correspondence is viable inside wellbeing and social consideration as there are numerous gatherings, which could be talking about a resident’s needs/inclinations. This is compelling on the grounds that everyone’s thoughts will be mulled over and will have the option to get the best result. Anyway this kind of correspondence can be mistaking for individuals with hearing impedances, as though an individual is hard of hearing, they center around one individual to do communication via gestures so it’s not very confounding for them, however in a gathering, a great deal of stuff can be misjudged and would be excessively befuddling. Correspondence between partners †Communicating with individuals at work is distinctive that speaking with loved ones. This is on the grounds that it is imperative to demonstrate regard to your work associates, as though this occurs, you may neglect to demonstrate regard to the individuals who use care administrations. Likewise associates need to create trust with one another, and it’s essential to show that you have regard for the privacy of a partner. This kind of correspondence is regularly casual however it is significant that care laborers utilize talented correspondence so as to create regard and trust. This sort of correspondence is successful in wellbeing and social consideration, as it can help efficiency and improve worker fulfillment. Formal †Formal correspondence is very normal inside wellbeing and social consideration work. This sort of language shows resect to other people and shows your capability, anyway formal language can now and then seem to be being ‘too posh’ or pompous. This kind of language is comprehended by a wide scope of individuals, anyway some ‘speech communities’ may think that its difficult to see so mind laborers as a rule change the manner in which they talk with the goal for them to comprehend. A case of formal language in a wellbeing and social consideration setting would be a social administrations work area, they may welcome you with a ‘Good Morning, How may I help you?’ instead of ‘What you after then?’. It shows regard and causes the individual they are addressing to feel progressively welcome. Casual †This kind of correspondence is regularly utilized when we know them individual we are talking as well, well, for instance loved ones. These sorts of gatherings may utilize language that must be comprehended between them, or neighborhood bunches from specific regions may just utilize language that they comprehend. In wellbeing and social consideration this kind of correspondence may just be utilized between staff. This is provided that a consideration specialist was to utilize casual language to an inhabitant or patient, they may not comprehend or they may feel awkward with how they are being spoken as well. In any case if staff somehow happened to state to one another ‘hiya, how’s it goin’ they may simply feel like this is a warm well disposed welcome. Correspondence Structures: Communication empowers us to give thoughts and data. It causes individuals to have a sense of security, to shape connections and create confidence. Content Messaging †This sort of correspondence inside a private setting for individuals with learning and correspondence challenges, would be successful as though an individual is hard of hearing, or with hearing disabilities than content informing things like doctor’s arrangements would ensure that they are reminded, yet in addition that they have seen appropriately. They likewise would have the option to address themselves on the off chance that they have misjudged an interpreter. Composed Communication †This sort of correspondence would be viable as when something is recorded you can break down it and change any slip-ups or include anything in, which makes it dependable, though if you’re talking, changing your words constantly can be confused or it can cause administration clients to get an inappropriate consideration or cause struggle between individuals. In the event that an inhabitant has mental imbalance for instance, they think that its hard to shape social associations with individuals, so oral correspondence wouldn’t be as successful, though simply recording something could cause them to feel progressively great. Oral Communication †This kind of correspondence would be powerful in this specific wellbeing and social consideration condition, as though there is an individual with dyslexia, it might be simpler to address them orally, and rehash yourself, for them to see, instead of recording something which they may not beâ able to peruse appropriately and this might be simpler for them to misconstrue what you’re attempting to state. It is likewise utilized in numerous other consideration situations, as doctor’s medical procedures, emergency clinics and old people’s homes. Oral correspondence in this condition would be powerful as it empowers care laborers give significant data snappier than composed, and furthermore clarify prescription with the goal that the patient comprehends what to do. It can likewise assist somebody with gaining trust for their PCP and so forth., as they will have the option to comfort them through oral correspondence. Images †The utilization of images whether it be composed or outlines, all convey various messages to individuals, for example, traffic signs. In this specific setting, the utilization of Makaton will be utilized extraordinarily, because of it helping individuals with learning incapacities, build up their language abilities. Makaton may express a word and play out a sign utilizing hands and non-verbal communication, and furthermore there is a huge scope of images which additionally help individuals with learning incapacities speak with others. Innovation †Information innovation assists with giving developed visual showcases of voice portrayals for individuals with visual weaknesses. This kind of correspondence can bolster the inhabitants in light of the fact that there is likewise voice composing for individuals with dyslexia, which can transform discourse into composing. A portion of the electronic correspondence frameworks can be actuated via pneumatic force, implying that an individual can impart utilizing an oral cylinder associated with modernized gear. Anyway an increasingly easier method of utilizing innovation to impart would be things like glimmer cards or picture books, which will improve the correspondence for individuals who don't utilize a communicated in language or marked language. Relational connection. Discourse †Speaking obviously is fundamental when working with individuals with administration clients, as they may have issue with getting or giving messages. Various regions, ethnic gatherings and work societies all have their own words that they use; these might be alluded to as various discourse networks. A few people may feel undermined or barred by these distinctive discourse networks. A few people believe that simply utilizing conventional language will take care of the issue, however that isn't right, since care laborers, who use language, canâ also make boundaries for individuals who are not part of that distinctive discourse network. So in this sort of setting discourse would be significant as though an individual has learning inabilities or hearing disabilities for instance, at that point talking plainly would permit them to lip read, and comprehend what is being said. First Language †This is the language wherein you are raised from birth to think and speak with. Individuals who gain proficiency with a second language later on in life can’t impart their considerations as adequately as possible with their first language. This is typically the favored language as they have been figured out how to think like that growing up. In a consideration setting, this kind of connection is significant as though somebody has taken in an alternate language, similar to clean for instance, at that point their inflection may transform from their English articulation, and make administration clients find what they are attempting to state, hard to comprehend, as they have learning inabilities, they may get befuddled. Non-verbal correspondence †This kind of correspondence is a method of examining an individual so you can comprehend whether they’re feeling dismal, worn out, upbeat, furious or startled without talking. It alludes to the messages we are sending however without utilizing words. These messages are sent by our eyes, tone of our voice, outward appearances, position of hands and arms, motions with hands and arms, the edge of our head and body act. This kind of correspondence is significant in wellbeing and social consideration since I

School Uniforms in the U. S. Free Essays

There are numerous schools in the U. S. that require their understudies to wear garbs, and there’re additionally some that don’t. We will compose a custom exposition test on School Uniforms in the U. S. or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now I accept that school garbs ought not be required for a couple of reasons. Regalia detract from a person’s singular personality, and they can be exorbitant to individuals contingent upon their monetary status. School regalia can likewise be a truly awkward style that understudies would not fancy. The primary explanation outfits ought not be required is that most schools the nation over accept regalia detract from a people character, so they don’t require their understudies wear them. In today’s world your character and having a decent feeling of self is critical to the assorted variety that Americans have appear before. In schools that require garbs the understudy body all look the like same individual, dull and exhausting individuals. This isn't what American culture is, we are easygoing dressing various individuals, and dressing easygoing and the manner in which you like is the most ideal approach to perceive understudies as distinct individuals and not as a component of â€Å"those individuals. † Another explanation behind restricting regalia is everybody particularly kids like to be agreeable when sitting still for a stretched timeframe. At the point when children are awkward in school they tend squirm and not focus rather they are agonizing over fixing their garments, which ought not be their top need. When folks wear the regalia they will consistently must be stressed over whether their tie is straight or if their shirt is appropriately taken care of. Young ladies wearing garbs may need to stress over their skirts in the event that they are appropriate length and on the off chance that they are turned or not, and being a young lady I realize how effectively female garments can turn out to be to one side from their legitimate spot. All these minor aggravations children would need as far as possible their solace and cause their brains to need center around homework and focus more on fixing their garments. Additionally a few days children may wake up and not feel to well and might conceivably need to wear the agreeable shirt and sweat pants. Wearing uniform when feeling sickly may very well upset their wellbeing somewhat more. The last and most significant explanation behind not requiring outfits are they cash. These regalia may expensive generally somewhere in the range of forty and fifty dollars for each set, and on that guardians would need to purchase four or five to last the school eek, with a last buy cost of 200 and fifty dollars. A few guardians can not manage the cost of these significant expenses relying upon their money related circumstance, and compelling guardians to purchases these is simply one more approach to discourage their effectively unforgiving emotions on their pay. Likewise you can't punis h a kid for what their folks can and can’t bear. Sooner or later children do develop and would develop out of their new costly clothing and significantly more cash should be spent to purchase more arrangements of garbs. We as a whole live in a nation were we are allowed to settle on decisions, similar to what we need to wear regular. Removing our entitlement to pick resembles a characteristic right, a correct that you are brought into the world with, and as we as a whole realize Americans flourish with their privileges set up by the constitution in excess of 200 years back. Primary concern school regalia ought not be required for understudies to wear, they detract from our individual personality, they can turn out to be very awkward to wear, and most significant they can be exorbitant and a not required money related weight. http://www. bookrags. com/article 2004/12/20/11426/585/ Instructions to refer to School Uniforms in the U. S., Essay models

Business Strategy Essay - 1925 Words

Business Strategy (Essay Sample) Content: BUSINESS STRATEGIES FOR WAL-MARTStudents nameTutors nameCourse titleDateIntroductionAn organization must have clear and consistent business and corporate level strategies to enhance the attainment of its set goals and objectives. Business level strategies ensure the core competencies of a firm lay emphasis on satisfying the tastes and preferences of the consumer. These strategies provide details on the actual market and business tactics that must be deployed in order to enhance the value proposition of the business to its customers. The delivery of value to customers ensures the core competencies of the firm are exploited in areas such as providing quality products. Besides business level strategies, firms also adopt corporate level strategies to determine the scope and direction of its diverse business activities to enhance success. This paper analyzes the business-level and corporate-level strategies of Wal-Mart Stores Inc. Business-level strategiesOne of the busine ss-level strategies for Wal-Mart (the company) is cost leadership. The company adopts stringent measures to reduce its overhead costs such as enhancing process efficiencies through adoption of technology and lean management principles. There are strict process-monitoring logistics and capabilities within the company in critical areas such as inventory management, transportation, sales orders and employee productivity (Wal-Mart, 2014). Such controls reduce wastages and results to phenomenal resource savings owing to the extensive size of the company through its large multinational chains. The firm also adopts the vertical integration of its business activities where manufacturers of products deliver them directly to the company thereby eliminating wholesalers. The firm has also engaged in acquisitions of e-commerce products such as the mobile application, Stylr to enhance efficiency for customers when locating products in nearby stores (Wal-Mart, 2014). Such measures result to signif icant cost savings such that the company can pass them to their customers through enhanced competitiveness in the pricing of products and services on offer (Carney Gedajlovic, 2011). It means that the adoption of the cost leadership strategy along the supply and value chains of the business ensures the company can offer its products at lower prices in comparison to the competition. The strategy increases the level of customer loyalty the firm enjoys in the market that consequently increases the level of its market share. Another business-level strategy used by Wal-Mart is differentiation. The company offers a wide range of products in several categories such as foodstuffs, clothes, electronics, and furniture amongst others at marginally low prices. The company implements various approaches such as the roll-back pricing strategy where the pricing levels of competitors are continuously monitored to ensure the product pricing in its stores are lower than that of the competition. The c ompany has also engaged in further differentiation efforts through offering unique extended warranties that are not available in most of the competing stores. The use of these two business-level strategies at Wal-Mart i.e. cost leadership and differentiation is essential to the sustainability of the business. However, the adoption and enhancement of the cost leadership strategy is vital to the long term success of the business. Since the firm aims at maximizing its international presence, the cost leadership strategy will be necessary in increasing the levels of market share in other markets especially in emerging economies. Most of the populations in these economies the firm is targeting are middle income earners. Most of them are, therefore, price sensitive and it requires the company to entrench its cost leadership strategy so as to minimize the cost of operations and offer products at discounted prices and remain profitable. Since the firm deals with general merchandize, cost le adership guarantees faster acquisition of relevant market shares in these foreign markets to maximize returns for the business (Weber Tarba, 2014). Maximum returns will be guaranteed as the business enjoying higher economies of scale in such markets. The viability of the cost leadership strategy in the long term success of the business is also due to its emphasis on innovation and elimination of wastes. The strategy also ensures the firm continuously adopts technology and lean management principles in its operations. Such an approach ensures there is continuous evolvement of new profit centers for the business such as online sales. Prioritizing innovation through the cost leadership strategy also means customer expectations can be proactively managed through technological channels such as social media. Such efforts guarantee long term sustainability of the business through higher levels of customer loyalty and increasing market share in the global market. The cost leadership strate gy is also essential in ensuring the company adapts to diverse political, cultural and social trading environments in the different regions where it operates. It also enhances the ability of the business to leverage on its core competencies since it can offer a diversified product portfolio to its new customer segments in a competitive manner (Carney Gedajlovic, 2011). Corporate-level strategiesThe first corporate strategy that Wal-Mart embarks on is the value-creating strategy. The strategy mainly focuses on growth in order to continuously increase its market share. Wal-Mart has continuously engaged in aggressive international expansion where it currently has operations in 28 countries across different regions around the globe. The firm aims at exploiting its competitive advantage in resources such as finances and capabilities like innovation to establish its presence in more markets globally. Also, in line with its value-creating strategy, the retailer has adopted several diversi fication efforts in order to offer different types of products to its diverse clientele. For instance, the company has subsidiaries such as Neighborhood Wal-Mart that specializes in groceries whereas other subsidiaries such as Wal-Mart.com handle e-commerce orders i.e. online sales. Most of the Wal-Mart supercenters specialize in general merchandize. Other entities such as Sams club deal primarily with wholesale orders (Wal-Mart, 2014). In addition, most of the Wal-Mart supercenters in every region offer diversified products and services portfolio such as groceries, jewelry, pharmaceuticals, general merchandize, food products, optical services and even tire and lube. Such diversification endears the company to more customer segments since they consider it a one-stop shop for all their shopping needs (Lynch, 2003). Also, in line with its value-addition strategy, the company engages in acquisitions of strategic units to enhance faster and efficient entry into some of its target market s. The acquisition of entities such as Woolworth Canada, Boompreco of Brazil and Asda in the UK are some examples of how the firm has increased its international expansion to serve a larger market. Besides value-creating corporate-level strategy, the company i.e. Wal-Mart also engages in value-neutral strategies in order to maintain its dominance of the retail sector. This strategy primarily aims at maintaining the stability levels of the business owing to various market dynamics such as the last financial crisis of 2008. In line with its value-neutral strategy, the company ensures it inculcates a spirit of team work and collaboration amongst its employees. Such an approach increases the levels of synergy amongst various departments and employee units throughout the company. It also promotes collaboration amongst all employees regardless of their work stations (Lee Grewal, 2004). Such interaction ensures seamless delivery of quality service to all customers. The company also engag es in leadership sustenance in all levels of management. Low level, middle and top managers share data in all areas of the business that promotes effective decision making. Such trust amongst the companys management has been central in enhancing the motivation levels of these managers and their subordinates.The better of these two strategies in guaranteeing the long term sustainability of the business is the value-creation strategy. Owing to the diverse nature of customers being served by the retailer, it is prudent for the products and services on offer to be aligned to the continuously changing tastes and preferences of customers. In order to enhance such alignment, the company needs to use its substantial financial resources and retailing expertise to invest in consumer research. It also needs to continuously utilize its innovative capabilities to gauge the feelings and perceptions of customers towards the products and services on offer (Kourdi, 2009). Such value-creation engagem ents make the retailer develop competitive advantages over its rivals both locally and internationally. Its value-creation strategy must, therefore, be enhanced to make the retailer the preferred one-stop shop for most of the customers. Competitive environmentWal-Mart operates in an increasingly competitive environment both locally and internationally. Its main competitors are Costco and Target Corporation. However, the main competitor for Wal-Mart is Target Corporation. The main business-level strategies for Target Corporation are cost leadership and differentiation just like Wal-Mart. At the corporate level, Target Corporation unlike Wal-Mart adopts a value-neutral strategy. In the long term, Wal-Mart is likely to be more successful than Target Corporation owing to its huge resource capabilities. Wal-Mart has a market capitalization of $188 billion (Wal-Mart, 2014) comp...

Managing Across Cultures - Assignment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2886 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? 1 Managing Across Cultures Culture is the attitude, belief and social behaviour of a particular people or society. A personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s cultural behaviour is derived from their social environment, it is the law, morals, customs as well as other habits that a society operates within. Culture is learned, not inherited. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Managing Across Cultures Assignment" essay for you Create order Edgar Schein (2010) a well-known theorist on organisational culture defines culture as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"both the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“here and nowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  dynamic phenomenon and coercive background structure that influences us in multiple ways. Culture is constantly re-enacted and created by our interactions with others and shaped by our own behaviour [1] Culture is learned on four levels, the first being Enculturation, whereby the culture that is currently established teaches an individual acceptable social norms and values of their current environment. The individual is taught their role in society, as well as what à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"is notà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ acceptable behaviour. The second level is Primary socialisation, this usually occurs during childhood. As a person grows they will adopt attitudes and values appropriate to the members of their particular culture. The third is Subculture, which develops when a culture differentiat es itself, be it through language, religion or ethnic reasoning from a larger culture to which they previously belonged. And the fourth is Secondary socialisation, which is the learning process that occurs after primary socialisation; it takes place outside of the home, and allows the individual to see what acceptable behaviour amongst its social group is and how to act accordingly to new rules. This phase usually happens during teenage years and early adulthood, for example a new profession or relocating to a different environment. In business we often find that we have a group of employees who have come from different social groups and that while this often enriches the workplace it can cause various complications, with these differing cultural backgrounds there is a possibility of conflict and that in itself can cause issues with productivity and perhaps affect the overall moral of employees. There are two theories which explore the levels of culture within an organisat ion, French and Bell.(1990) developed the iceberg theory. (see appendices fig 1) Iceberg theory CIPD explains that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The formal side of the organisation is the tip of the iceberg, the visual aspects such as strategy, structure and the organisational processes are exposed and in theory are perhaps easier to change, but the informal side of the business is submerged, suggesting that management styles, company politics, beliefs, values and attitudes are perhaps not so easy to see, and as a result are harder to change. [2] Onion Theory Geert Hofstede (1997) developed the onion model theory (fig 2) in this model values form the core of organisational culture and are set at the deepest level (centre), values are the morals and ethical codes which determine what people think should be done. [3] Rituals (layered second) are practices which are deemed socially essential. Heroes (layered third) are individuals who are held in high regard and perform well with in the organisation, perhaps a motivator who rallies everyone when things need to be done. The final layer is symbols which are gestures, objects, words or acts that signify meaning to an individual or group. Through all the layers runs the business practice. Tesco are the largest private sector employer in the UK with nearly 500,000 staff. Their website shows their approach to human resources by listing their commitments to employees, which are as follows; To create inspiring work that makes our colleagues happy and proud of what they do To provide opportunities for our colleagues to be at their best To build relationships based on shared values To build an environment where all our colleagues contribute, make a difference and can be themselves (Tescoplc.com) [4] Tescoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s website also declares to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Offer a market leading package of pay and benefitsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ at the same time to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reward committed staff with a share scheme and generous pensionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Tesco UK also have a very strong relationship with Usdaw (Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers), a partnership which is the biggest trade union agreement of any PLC, understanding the need for high standards of employment practice, suggesting that if the employee feels valued this will reflect in their work, and result in the overall achievement of Tesco strategic goals. (Tescoplc.com) [4] Mullins (2010) defines organisational culture as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the collection of traditions, values, policies, beliefs, and attitudes that constitute a pervasive context for everything we do and think in an organisation. [5] Human Resource Management has the task of recruitment and selection and as Tesco push their organisation i nto countries whose cultural backgrounds may differ greatly to those already established it is the task of HRM to apply the correct management practice. Certain theoretical tools can be applied to analyse how other countries behave in respect to their organisational culture, understanding the characteristics of a these differing cultureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and adapting to them will provide a foundation to successfully establish the organisation in a foreign market. Geert Hofstede is a Dutch social psychologist who developed the cultural dimensions theory, the framework for cross-cultural communication. The dimensions which Hofstede uses to help distinguish national culture are; (See appendices) Hofstedeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 5 cultural dimensions 1. Power Distance (PD) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" measures the levels of inequality members of society are willing to accept in terms of the distribution of power, and that people understand their position within the system. Hofstede sugges ts that countries with a high PD would probably only send reports to top level management and have closed door meetings. 2. Individualism (IDV) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" refers to the bonds individuals have with others within their community. Hofstede suggests that a marketing campaign that empathises the benefits to the community would more likely be understood and better received. 3. Masculinity (MAS) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" refers to how society values traditional male and female roles. High masculinity scores are in countries where men are the main providers to their culture. Low MAS do not mean the reverse of this, instead the roles are blurred, and job roles are shared equally. Hofstede suggests that in a country such as Japan (with high level MAS) would probably respond better to a male team leader, whereas a nation such as Sweden would respond to an appointment based on skill level rather than gender. 4. Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" relates to the levels of an xiety society members feel when faced with unknown situations. High level UAI countries will attempt to avoid this whenever possible seeking a collective truth, whereas low level UAI enjoy such events and are encouraged to discover their own truths. 5. Long Term Orientation (LTO) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" refers to level of importance and nation applies to traditions and values. According to Hofstede the US and UK has a low LTO which suggest to expect anything in terms of creative expression, that these two nation perhaps donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t value tradition as much as others and as such are more willing to help implement new ideas. Asian countries on the other hand have high level LTO and would likely be less receptive to change. [6] Using this framework as a starting point would give an organisation a general sense of how to approach foreign cultures and evaluate how these different societies may react to the organisational behaviour of an expanding company, such as Tesco. Dif ferent HR tactics overseas During 2006 Tesco expanded to the US marketplace where they opened supermarkets under the name à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fresh Easyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, with Tescoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reputation for good employee relations the UFCW (Usdawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s US equivalent) had expected to have a similar arrangement to the agreement of benefits employees enjoyed back in the UK. Unfortunately this was not the case, and in 2008 the UFCW issued a report entitled; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Tell British investors, politicians, employees and shoppers why we think that the Tesco they know and admire as a business, with a great track record on community and employee relations, can be a very different organisation when it operates away from British shoresà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the report described that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Instead of engaging with community groups, Tesco refused to meet us, rather than offer partnership they instead greeted conflict. Instead of defending freedom of association, they would rather pursue a policy to keep out trade unionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [7] It was later revealed that this was always a planned strategy by Tesco as the job advert for the role of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Employee Relations Executiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ required the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"maintaining of non-union activitiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"avoidance of union activities amongst a list of job role responsibilities. Tesco responded by claiming the advertisement had been made in error. Mead and Andrews (2009) explain that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The organisational culture is strong when it is cohesive; group members share the same values, beliefs and attitudes; members can easily communicate between themselves; members depend on each other in meeting individual needs. The strength of a culture is shown superficially by uniformity, but more significantly by the tolerance that members show for each otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s experiences and ideas. Whe n the opposite conditions apply and relations between members are not cohesive, the organisational culture is weak. [8] In this instance Tescoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s move into the US market was met with opposition primarily due to a poor understanding of the wants and needs of the labour market. US employees had expected the same treatment in terms of union security as their UK counterparts and were surprised to find that Tesco managers had decided to treat overseas employees differently. With Tesco unwilling to extend its UK employee principles and organisational behaviour overseas, it left the expansion into a lucrative market hanging by a thread. A fact perhaps reinforced by the news (according to USAToday.com) that Fresh Easy will now pull out of the U.S Market in 2014. Alfonsus Trompenaars is a Dutch organisational theorist who alongside Charles Hampden-Turner (1997) developed the seven dimensions of culture. Although these are different they do seem similar in concept to Ho fstedeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s dimensions. Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner sampled over 30,000 employees in 50 countries worldwide. Based on this data, Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner proposed a series of seven dimensions which, they argue, are the basis of cultural differences. [9] Universalism vs Particularism à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Cultures that are universalistic believe that standards, values and codes are more important than relations and needs, whereas a culture which is predominately particularistic think that human relationships are more important than values and codes, for them human needs come first. Individualism vs Collectivism à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" An Individualistic culture will put the community after an individual. People have autonomy; they can make decisions and will take care of their family on their own. Collectivism is the opposite of this and the needs of the group will always take precedent, the function and development of society takes precedent. Neutral vs Affec tive Relationships à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Affective cultures are more likely to express emotion and feeling. They feel no need to hide themselves within this culture. A Neutral culture believes that it is not correct to express or share emotion; they would likely see the behaviour of an affective culture as overly excitable or too emotional. Specific vs Diffuse Relationships à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" A culture that is specific will always analyse the finer details, before finally putting them together to form the global picture. People of a diffuse cultures on the other hand will analyse the issues as a whole believing that all issues are linked to one another. Achievement vs Ascription à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" People of achievement cultures respect their colleagues based on knowledge and achievement. Those of ascription culture instead respect job titles and superiors Time orientation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" looks at the comparison of sequential and synchronic cultures, where a sequence based c ulture might do things one at a time, a synchronic culture would prefer to do several things at once. Internal vs external control à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" looks at the fact that some cultures believe they have an element of control over their environment, while others believe they are controlled by it. Americans for instance have an internal culture and that what happens to them is of their own doing, Asian on the other hand believe that it is the environment that forms their destiny. Trompenaars cultural dimensions theory can be useful in a number of ways, for instance a company may deduce how an organisation operates culturally itself, and perhaps may better understand how to implement an overseas expansion, or how to take into account the culture of another nation when trading. Marketing issues could also come into consideration, organisations could capitalise on specific elements of a nations culture in an effort to maximise its brand image. Perhaps a criticism of Trompenaar s and Hampden-Turners theory is that it is now nearly twenty years old, and does not account for the cultural drift that is apparent as time passes by. Tesco opened its first store in China over 10 years ago (2004), relatively late compared to the likes of Walmart who as a result of earlier expansion into the Asian market (1996) enjoyed the choice of store location and low cost land, yet though Tesco had entered the market late, managers felt that they had a secret weapon in its bid to lure Chinese consumers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Tesco Clubcardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. It was hoped that the card would give the store management and marketing staff invaluable information about the elusive Chinese shoppers. The card would reveal their tastes, preferences, shopping habit and much more; it would hold the key to understanding the most demanding consumers in the world. However, the value of the Clubcard or indeed any loyalty programme in the Asian market may have been gross ly overestimated. Warwick Business School Professor of Marketing and innovation Qing Wang of believed that the UK retailer should have looked into cultural differences before investing in the second biggest economy in the world. Wang explained à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The value of the Clubcard or indeed any loyalty programme in the Asian market may have been grossly overestimated,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  he explained; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Research my colleagues and I have carried out in an Asian market with similar demographics and purchasing power to that of Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s large cities reveal consumers to be ill-suited to the clubcard approach.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Wangà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s research team found that almost all consumers participated in at least one loyalty programme and that 63% of those had loyalty cards from four or more retailers. They believed larger choices gave them more power of control, more motivation to make decisions, more chances to have programmes whic h suited their needs and to have a more satisfying shopping experience. This means that any customer information held on one store card is at best incomplete, and at worst misleading, and not fit for the purpose Tesco intended. [10] Asian shoppers were found to have no strong preference for any store, regardless of a loyalty card scheme, instead they sought the best deal from various supermarkets. As a result (and alongside ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s failing in the US market) Tesco have now announced after 10 years trading in China is to fold its unprofitable operation. Lured by the prospect of a rapidly growing middle class in the worlds second-biggesteconomy, many foreign firms have waded into Chinasretailmarket only to find they lack local expertise, particularly in building supplier relationships. Conclusion Although the venture into the American market could have been extremely lucrative for Tesco it seems the organisation did not research the cultural dimensions of t his foreign market. Refusing to expand the wealth of benefits that UK employees enjoyed and credit them to US workers caused great friction between staff and the organisation, as Mead and Andrews (2009) suggest à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The organisational culture is strong when it is cohesiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ yet in the case of Fresh Easy there was no showing of unity and Tesco will now very likely move away from the US market, according to the Independent Newspaper the company are now  £1 billion pounds poorer than when they first entered this market as a direct result. As French and Bellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Iceberg suggests, the formal side of the organisation is clearer to see, but what Tesco did not take into account was the informal, submerged aspects of the business, most certainly Tesco misjudged the political aspect of the US based organisation and perhaps they also misunderstood its differing management style. On investigation it seems the cultural research was also not performed for the Chinese consumer demographic, in this case Tescoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s had tried to implement their own (Clubcard) culture rather than take into account the needs of an entirely different cultural market. Perhaps arrogance has cost Tesco in this instance, after all, their European based operation is one of the strongest organisations on the continent, and their business model does seem to go from strength to strength. Unfortunately due to a lack of research alongside any real attempt to integrate into Chinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s entirely different cultural system, Tesco have again seen their operation fail due to a poor understanding of another countries cultural practices. Bibliography [1] Edgar H. Schein, Organisational culture and Leadership (2010) Page 3 [Accessed on Dec 16] [2] CIPD Online https://www.cipd.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/CAB172FE-E034-42FA-A749-48FAF7CB6925/0/1843980665sc.pdf (Page 65) (Accessed Dec 18 2014) [2] https://www.culture-at-work.com/ic eberg.html (Accessed Jan 9 2014) [3] International Journal of Business and Management 2008 Hofstedeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Onion Diagram page 139 (Accessed Jan 9 2014 [4] https://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=620 (Accessed Jan 3 2014) [5] Laurie J.Mullins -Management and Organisational Behaviour (Page 106) (Accessed Jan 3 2014) [6] https://geert-hofstede.com/ (Accessed Jan 3 2014) [7] https://www.ufcw.org/2012/12/05/ufcw-statement-on-tescos-fresh-easy/ (Accessed Jan 2 2014) [8] Richard Mead Tim Andrews, International Management 2009 (Page 90) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" (Accessed Jan 8 2014) [9] Richard Mead Tim Andrews, International Management 2009 (Page 90) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" (Accessed Jan 8 2014) [10] https://www.wbs.ac.uk/news/tesco-find-their-secret-weapon-fails-in-china/ Appendices Hofstedeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 5 cultural dimensions 1. Power Distance 2. Individualism 3. Masculinity 4. Uncertainty Avoidance 5. Long Term Orien taion (Fig 1) (Fig 2) .

F. Kennedy And The Politics Of Expectation - 1852 Words

ohn F. Kennedy and the Politics of Expectation  · The lasting effects of FDR’s New Deal were that Americans came to look to Washington for the solution to the nation’s problems. o This continued with John F. Kennedy, who had a plan known as the â€Å"New Frontier†, which was called â€Å"the politics of expectation.† A. The New Politics o In this new system of politics, mass media played an even larger role.  § This was perfect for JFK, as he was not lacking in charisma, style, or personality.  · He graduated from Harvard.  · Inherited his love for politics from his grandfathers, who were both Boston politicians.  · Was a Massachusetts senator.  · And was a WWII hero. o The largest†¦show more content†¦B. The Kennedy Administration o Unlike Eisenhower’s â€Å"hidden-hand presidency,† John F. Kennedy believed in a federal government that was â€Å"visibly active.† o The people Kennedy pulled into his administration to help him do so included†¦  § Former head of Ford, Robert McNamara as secretary of Defense.  § C. Douglas Dillon, a renowned Republican banker, as secretary of Treasury.  § His younger brother, Robert, whose claim to fame was that he had been a hard-hitting investigator of organized crime. o However, not everyone was pleased with these selections.  § â€Å"[They] might be every bit as intelligent as you say, but I’d feel a whole lot better about them if just one of them had run for sheriff once,† said House Speaker Sam Rayburn to Lyndon B. Johnson (who was the Vice President for Kennedy, but longtime friend of Rayburn.) 1. The Bay of Pigs  § In January of 1961, much like America had done a few years before, the USSR Premier Nikita Khrushchev declared that the Soviet Union would support â€Å"wars of national liberation,† wherever they occurred in the world.  · JFK saw this as a challenge, and began formulating plans to halt Cuba from entering into the Soviet sphere.  § Cuba had recently undergone a communist coup and Fidel Castro had taken power in 1959.  · In response, the CIA trained Cuban operatives to create an anti-Castro uprising.  ·

Strategic Analsis of Ethiopian Airlines free essay sample

This report is compiled for the partial fulfillment of the course entitled Global strategy Analysis and practice, based on analysis of the Ethiopian Airlines business strategy. The Ethiopian Airlines is a state owned enterprise which operates globally. The study will provide a brief assessment on the Ethiopian Airlines Business strategy based on analysis of data collected from secondary sources which includes data from the Internet, websites, company magazine, news papers, and annual reports. We have also conducted interview with the company senior management. The problem related to time constraints to collect raw data and access to primary data was the issues that limit the study. The first part of the report provides a brief overview about Ethiopian Airlines. On the next step we look a computational analysis that includes the SWAT, PESTEL and Porter’s five forces model. The last section addresses the conclusion and recommendation. For a new entrant to the airline industry the current situation is un pleasant. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Analsis of Ethiopian Airlines or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Whereas for Ethiopian Airlines stayed in the market for a long time with a best safety record and operational reputability. It gives the company a strong brand name, loyal customer, big market share in the continent and has a good image in Europe and Asia. On contrary the domestic flight service has a weakness in satisfying the local customers like flight delay, flight cancellation and low service quality.. Ethiopian Airlines adopts demarcation basic strategy to get a competitive advantage by implementing electronic ticketing and online check-in. In addition, it gained a competitive advantage by focusing in new segments in the market. The airline wants to grow from 53 to around 80 destinations by 2015. Also it provides aircraft maintenance, pilot and technicians training including training by plane simulator, including for most African countries. Ethiopian Airlines sets its strategy to maximize stake holders’ interest by implementing latest aviation technologies, skilled manpower, provide aircraft maintenance which leads increasing its market share to become a world class African Airlines. In addition to the existing strategy of the company the study recommends the following shall be incorporated. Reduce operational costs Ethiopian Airlines should reduce the operational costs by improving maintenance processes, having high aircraft utilization, perform effective flight scheduling, out

Where to Get Your College Research Paper

Where to Get Your College Research PaperThere are many ways to get a college research paper. Some sources are higher quality and could take time to get. However, it is possible to submit your research paper to several places, and be published at the same time. Some places that publish research papers are:- The Independent Online Media Organization (OAMO) was established in 1999. It was created to be a source of educational and career information for writers, editors, and bloggers. OAMO operates as a full-service publishing house that includes professional research service as well as some consulting for business.- The John D. And Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation grant program are awarded by the Department of Education's Office of Educational Research and Improvement. Grants from this program are awarded to those who want to create innovative scholarship or teaching tools that address school need. They use this money to develop new tools for students who need to read independently. Th is program has four main grant recipients: K-12, Higher Education, Higher Education Research, and Teachers College.- The Association of American Publishers is a professional publication that was started in 1968. They give support to established authors and freelance writers.- Writing Press is a website that caters to college research papers and thesis. It publishes and promotes original academic writing by independent faculty and professionals in the field of education. The focus is on helping researchers do their job.- The School of Education at the University of Alabama at Birmingham does several projects with an academic and online audience, and a list of their publications can be found online. There is a link to the publications.- The Professional Association for Women in Education (PAWE) is a national organization of faculty and professional women in the educational field. It advocates for gender equity in academic, business, and public life.There are more resources than we lis ted that could help you with your college research paper. However, they are all easy to find online.